Basic but Representative View of Data Science

Data Science provides scientific framework to analyze the interplay of variables of interest (e.g. income) in terms of other influencing variables (e.g. years of education, seniority), typical giving a relationship of the form Y = f (X). To decipher this relationship we go to our friend Optimization and use techniques like least square when we use Regression as framework of choice, on the other hand use gradient descent when we use Neural Networks as our framework of choice.

“An Introduction to Statistical Learning: with Applications in R”, https://www.statlearning.com//; 1st ed. 2013, Corr. 7th printing 2017 Edition; Springer; by  Gareth James (Author), Daniela Witten (Author), Trevor Hastie (Author), Robert Tibshirani (Author)